Çö´ë»çȸ´Â ¸ð·¡»çȸ´Ù. »çȸ ±¸¼º¿øµéÀº ¸ð·¡Ã³·³ »Ô»ÔÀÌ Èð¾îÁ® Á¸ÀçÇϴµ¥ (·¯½Ã¾Æ¿öÀÇ ÁöÇÏö ȯ½Â¿ª dz°æÀ» »ý°¢Ç϶ó. ±× ¸¹Àº À͸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µé. ±×µé »çÀÌ¿¡ ¹«½¼ ÁúÀûÀÎ °ü°è°¡ Á¸ÀçÇϴ°¡?) »çȸ ÀÚü´Â À¯±âÀû ±¸Á¶¹°Ã³·³ °ß°íÇÏ°í Àß µ¹¾Æ°£´Ù. ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÒ±î? ºñÆÇÀû »çȸÇÐÀÚµéÀº ±×°Ç ´Ù¸§¾Æ´Ñ Çö´ë»çȸ¸¦ ¾Èº¸ÀÌ°Ô ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¿Ïº®ÇÑ »çȸ°ü¸®½Ã½ºÅÛ ¶§¹®À̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ·± ¹®Á¦´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ÈıâÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇÀÇ ºñÆÇ»çȸÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ Ã³À½À¸·Î Á¦±âÇß´ø Áú¹®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¹Ì 17C¿¡ G. W. ¶óÀÌÇÁ´ÏÂê´Â °³Ã¼¿Í ¿ìÁÖÀÇ °ü°è¸¦ ¶È°°Àº ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î Áú¹® Çß¾ú´Ù. ¾Æ¹« »ó°ü¾øÀÌ Èð¾îÁø °³Ã¼µéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ¿ìÁÖ¶ó´Â À¯±âü¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÏ°í »ì¾ÆÀÖ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â°¡? ÀÌ Áú¹®¿¡ ´äÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ¶óÀÌÇÁ´ÏÂê´Â ¡®¸ð³ªµå (Monade)¡¯¶ó´Â °³³äÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³Â´Ù. ¸ð³ªµå´Â ¹ø¿ªÇÏ¸é ¡®´ÜÀÚ¡¯´Ù. ±×°Íµµ ¡®Ã¢¹® ¾ø´Â ´ÜÀÚ¡¯´Ù. Áï ±×°ÍÀº ¿ÜºÎ¿Í ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°Ô Â÷´ÜµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â µ¶ÀÚÀû Á¸ÀçµéÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ´ÜÀÚ¿Í ´ÜÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡´Â ¾Æ¹«·± ¿¬°ü°ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¸ð·¡Ã³·³ Èð¾îÁ® Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ´ÜÀÚµéÀÌ ÇÔ²² Á¸ÀçÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿ìÁÖ´Â À¯±âüó·³ »ì¾Æ¼­ µ¹¾Æ°£´Ù. Áï °³Ã¼µé »çÀÌ¿¡´Â °ü°è°¡ ¾øÁö¸¸ ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ ½Ã°ø°£ ¾È¿¡ °øÁ¸ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é ¸ðÁ¾ÀÇ °á¼Ó·ÂÀÌ ´ÜÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðÁ¾ÀÇ °á¼Ó·Â, µå·¯³ªÁö ¾ÊÀº ä ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´Â Á¶È­ÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö, ±×°ÍÀ» ¶óÀÌÇÁ´ÏÂê´Â ½ÅÀÇ ¼·¸®, Á»´õ ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, ¡®¿î¸íÀû Çϸð´Ï (praestabilierte Harmonie)'·Î ¼³¸íÇß´Ù.

The modern society is a society of sands. Members of this society exist as sands scattered across the world. (Picture a subway transit station during the rush hours. All those anonymous people. What qualitative relationships could possibly exist among them?) The society itself is as robust as an organic structure and it functions well. How can this be possible? Critical sociologists say that it is because of an invisible yet perfect social management system that controls themodern society. However, such an issue was not necessarily first raised by critical sociologists of late capitalism. Already in the seventeenth century, G. W. Leibniz raised a question about the relationship between entities and the universe in the exact same fashion. How do entities dispersed from each other with no association form an organism called the universe? To answer this question, Leibniz introduced the concept of "Monade." When translated into English, a monade simply means a terminal. It is even a "terminal without windows" at that. In other words, monadsare independent beings completely isolated from the outside and thus, there is no association between them. However, due to the very existence of these monades that are scattered like sands, the universe comes to life like an organism and functions. That is, even if there is no relation between entities, when they exist in a single time and space, a sort of solidarity exists between them. Leibniz explained this type of solidarity, or the invisible energy of harmony at work, as the Providence of God, or more accurately, "fatal harmony (praestabilierte Harmonie)."

»çÁøÀº, ƯÈ÷ ¿µÈ­¿Í ºñ±³ÇÒ ¶§, º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ¸ð³ªµå´Ù. ¹°·Ð »çÁøÀº Çö½Ç¿¡¼­ Å»ÃëÇÑ ÇÑ Æí¸°ÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ »çÁøÀÌ µÈ Çö½ÇÀÇ Æí¸°Àº µÎ ¹ø ´Ù½Ã Çö½Ç·Î ÀçÁ¢¸ñµÉ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ±× µÇµ¹¸± ¼ö ¾ø´Â ´ÜÀý¼ºÀ» ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °Ô »çÁøÀÇ ÇÁ·¹ÀÓÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹ÄÁ´ë ¿µÈ­ÀÇ ÇÁ·¹ÀÓÀº À¯µ¿ÀûÀÌ´Ù. ¿µÈ­ ¶ÇÇÑ Çö½ÇÀÇ Æí¸°µéÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖÁö¸¸ ÇÑ Àå¸é¿¡¼­ Àß·Á³ª°£ ºÎºÐÀº ´ÙÀ½ Àå¸é¿¡¼­ ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ ¾ÈÀ¸·Î ´Ù½Ã µé¾î¿Â´Ù. °á±¹ ¿µÈ­´Â, Ch. ¸ÞÃ÷°¡ ¸»Çϵí, ´Ù º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù (±×·¡¼­ ¿µÈ­´Â º»·¡ÀûÀ¸·Î Æ÷¸£³ë±×¶óÇǶó°í F. Á¦ÀÓ½¼Àº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù). ÇÏÁö¸¸ »çÁøÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â ´Ù¸£´Ù. »çÁø¿¡¼­ ÇÑ ¹ø ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ ¹ÛÀ¸·Î Àß·Á³ª°£ ºÎºÐÀº µÎ ¹ø ´Ù½Ã ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ ¾ÈÀ¸·Î µé¾î¼³ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. »çÁø, ±×°ÍÀº ¿ÜºÎ°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â À̹ÌÁö´Ù. ¿À·ÎÁö ³»ºÎ¸¸ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇϴ â¹® ¾ø´Â ¸ð³ªµå À̹ÌÁöÀÌ´Ù. »çÁøÀÌ ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ ¹Û ¸ðÁ¾ÀÇ Çö½ÇÀ» Áö½ÃÇÑ´Ù¸é ´Ù¸§¾Æ´Ñ ÀÌ Ã¢¹® ¾ø´Â ¸ð³ªµåÀû ¼º°Ý ¶§¹®ÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Photographs are, in essence, monades, especially when compared to films. Of course pictures are only fragments extracted from the reality. However, these fragments of the reality in the form of photographs can never be put back together to become a reality. That irreversible severance is clearly represented in a picture's frame. A movie's frames are, on the contrary, fluid. While films, too, show fragments of the reality, what was cut out in one scene comes back into the frame in the next scene. As Christian Metz put it, films reveal everything. (That is why F. James said that movies are fundamentally pornographies.) However, photographs are different. Once something is cut out of the frame, it can never come back to the picture. A picture is an image that knows no external world. Only the inside exists in this monade image without windows. If a picture indicates some kind of reality outside the frame, that is because of the picture's nature as a monade without windows.

½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ »çÁø ¶ÇÇÑ ¸ð³ªµå´Ù. ½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ »çÁø ¶ÇÇÑ ±× ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ Áö½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ±× ¹«¾ùÀ̶õ ¹«¾ùÀϱî? ±×°ÍÀ» Àо±â À§Çؼ­, ³» °æ¿ì, ³× °³ÀÇ Äڵ尡 ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ù ¹ø° ÄÚµå´Â ÁÖÁ¦¿Í ¹è°æÀÇ ÄÚµåÀÌ´Ù. ½ÅÇý¼±Àº Àι°À» Âï´Â´Ù. ±× Àι°µéÀº ¸ðµÎ°¡ ÀÚ¿¬À» ¹è°æÀ¸·Î »ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. »çÁøÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦´Â Àι°ÀÌ°í ÀÚ¿¬Àº ºÎ¼öÀûÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ °æ¿ì »çÁøÀÇ ¹«°ÔÁß½ÉÀº Àι°ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ¹è°æ ÂÊÀ¸·Î ¿Å°ÜÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. Àι°µé¿¡°Ô °íÀ¯ÇÑ Ç¥Á¤À» ¼ö¿©ÇØ ÁÖ´Â °Ç (½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ Àι°µéÀº ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¹«Ç¥Á¤ÇÏ´Ù) Àι° ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±× Àι°µéÀÌ ¼Ò¼ÓµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ÀÚ¿¬Ç³°æµéÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹ÄÁ´ë ¸¸°³ÇÑ ²Éµé, ¹«¼ºÇÑ ÀÙµé, ¾ûŲ ³ª¹µ°¡Áöµé, Çæ¹þÀº ¹ÙÀ§µé, µéÆÇ°ú Çϴðú »êµé... Àι°À» ²¸¾È°í ÀÖ´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ¹è°æÀÌ »èÁ¦µÈ´Ù¸é ½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ »çÁø ¼Ó¿¡¼­ Àι°µéÀº ¾î¶² Á¸Àç°¨À» Áö´Ò ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀΰ¡?

Shin Hye-sun's photographs are also monades. Her pictures also refer to something. What is this something? In my case, I need four codes to read it. The first one is the code of themes and backgrounds. Shin takes photographs of people. All of the people use nature's scenery as background. Usually, the main theme of the pictures is people while the nature plays only a supporting part. However, the focus of Shin's pictures is centered on backgrounds rather than people. What gives the people unique facial expressions are not the people themselves but the nature to which the people belong (people in her pictures are all woodenly expressionless). If the nature as a background such as flowers in full bloom, leaves in profusion, entangled tree branches, naked rocks, plains, the sky, mountains, etc. that embraces the people is erased from Shin's photographs, what sense of existence will the people in her photographs have?

µÎ ¹ø° ÄÚµå´Â °´°ü¼º°ú Ç¥Çö¼ºÀÇ ÄÚµåÀÌ´Ù. ½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ ½Ã¼±Àº À§»ýÀûÀÌ´Ù. ±×³àÀÇ À§»ýÀû ½Ã¼±Àº ÀÛ°¡³ª ¿ÀºêÁ¦ ¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô öÀúÇÏ´Ù. ½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ »çÁø ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ÀÛ°¡ÀÇ ¼­Á¤Àû °¨Á¤À̳ª ÁÖ°üÀû Àǵµ´Â ³²±è¾øÀÌ Áõ¹ßµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ÀºêÁ¦ÀÎ Àι°µé°ú dz°æµµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö´Ù. Àι°µéÀº ¸ðµÎ ¹«Ç¥Á¤ÇÏ°í ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ °ø°£ Á¤Áß¾Ó¿¡ ÇÑ±×·ç ³ª¹«µéó·³ Á÷¸³ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹è°æÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬Ç³°æµéµµ ¹ö·ÁÁø °Íó·³ °ÅÄ¥°í Åõ¹ÚÇÏ´Ù. °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ »çÁø ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ ¾È¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °Ç À½¿µÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢¸¸À¸·Î Á¦½ÃµÇ´Â »ç½Ç¼º ±× ÀÚü »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±× ¾öÁ¤ÇÑ °´°üÀû ½Ã¼±À» ÅëÇؼ­ ½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ »çÁøÀº ¿ª¼³ÀûÀ¸·Î Ç¥Çö¼ºÀ» ȹµæÇÑ´Ù. ±× Ç¥Çö¼ºÀº (ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ Äڵ带 ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù) ÀÛ°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó º¸´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô¼­ ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â, ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é ¹«ÀǵµÀû Ç¥Çö¼ºÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

The second code is the one of objectivity and expressionism. Shin's gaze is sanitary. Her hygienic gaze is strictly maintained for both the photographer and her objects. In Shin Hye-sun's pictures, any trace of emotions or subjective intentions is evaporated. That goes the same for people and sceneries, which are objects. People are expressionless and stand upright at the very center of the frame space like a tree. Natural sceneries in the background are coarse and crude. In the end, what exists in Shin's picture frame is the factuality itself suggested by the rule of shading. However, through this strictly objective perspective, Shin's photographs ironically obtains expressionism. This expressionism (which gives rise to the need for another code later on) is a type of unintentional expressionism, so to speak, that is generated by viewers, not by the artist herself.

¼¼ ¹ø° ÄÚµå´Â Ä£¼÷ÇÔ°ú ³¸¼³À½ÀÇ ÄÚµåÀÌ´Ù. ½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ »çÁø ¼Ó¿¡¼­ º¸´Â À̸¦ ³¸¼³°Ô ¸¸µå´Â ¿ä¼Ò´Â »ç½Ç ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ¾ø´Ù. Àι°µéÀº ÁÖº¯ ¾îµð¼­³ª ¸¸³ª´Â Æò¹üÇÑ ¾ó±¼ÀÌ°í dz°æµé ¿ª½Ã ´ëµµ½Ã ±Ù±³ µÞ»ê ¾îµð¼­³ª ¸ñ°ÝÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÏ»óÀû ÀÚ¿¬Ç³°æµéÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×·¯ÇÑ Ä£¼÷ÇÑ ´ë»óµéÀÌ ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ °ø°£ ¾È¿¡ Æ÷ȹµÊÀ¸·Î½á ½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ »çÁøÀº º¸´Â ÀÌ¿¡°Ô À̹°°¨°ú ³¸¼³À½À» ºÒ·¯ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù. ¾î¾Áö ³¸¼± Ä£¼÷ÇÔ/ ¾î¾Áö Ä£¼÷ÇÑ ³¸¼³À½ - ±×·¯ÇÑ º¹ÇÕÀûÀÎ µ¥ÀÚºß °¨Á¤ÀÌ ¾ß±âÇÏ´Â °æÇèÀû È¿°ú´Â ±×·¯³ª Æí¾ÈÇÔÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸ðÁ¾ÀÇ ºÒ¾ÈÇÔÀÌ´Ù (Ä£¼÷ÇÔÀÇ ¹Ýº¹¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ÀÌ ºÒ±æÇÑ ³¸¼³À½À» ÇÁ·ÎÀ̵å´Â ¡®¼¶¶àÇÔ (das Unheimliche)¡¯À̶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù). ÀÌ ºÒ¾ÈÇÔÀº ¹»±î? ±×°ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀ» Áö½ÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀϱî?

The third one is the code of familiarity and strangeness. In Shin's photographs, there is actually no element that makes the objects strange. The people have commonplace features that can be found in anywhere and the scenes in these pictures are also routine natural scenery witnessed in mountains that surround large, metropolitan cities. However, because these familiarobjects are repeatedly captured in the space of a frame, her pictures stir foreignness and unfamiliarity in viewers. Somewhat strange familiarly vs. somewhat familiar strangeness. The empirical effect caused by such complex emotion of dj vu is not comfort and but a kind of insecurity. (Freud called this ominous unfamiliarity generated by the repetition of familiarity "revulsion (das Unheimliche).") What is this sense of insecurity? What does it indicate?

¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ³²Àº ÄÚµå´Â Á¤º¸¼º°ú Á¤º¸È­ µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÇ ÄÚµåÀÌ´Ù. Àι°°ú ÀÚ¿¬, °´°ü¼º°ú Ç¥Çö¼º, Ä£¼÷ÇÔ°ú ³¸¼³À½ÀÇ Á¤º¸ÀûÀÎ Äڵ带 ÅëÇؼ­ ½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ »çÁøÀÌ Áö½ÃÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °Ç ÄÚµåÈ­ µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Í, Á¤º¸È­ µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× ¾î¶² °ÍÀº Ç×°£¿¡¼­ ¿©·¯°¡Áö À̸§À¸·Î ȸÀڵȴÙ. ¹«ÀǽÄÀûÀÎ °Í (das Verdraengte), ºñÀå¼ÒÀûÀÎ °Í (das Atopische), µ¿ÀÏÈ­ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Í (das Nichtidentische), Å»ÄÚµåÀûÀÎ °Í (das Unkodierbare), ŸÀÚÀûÀÎ °Í (das Andere)... ºÐ¸íÇÑ °Ç ¶óÀÌÇÁ´ÏÂê°¡ ¸ð³ªµå·Ð¿¡¼­ ¡®¿î¸íÀû Çϸð´Ï¡¯¶ó°í À̸§ Áö¾ú´ø ģȭÀû ¿¡³ÊÁö ¶ÇÇÑ ±× ¾î¶² °ÍÀÇ ÇÑ À̸§À̶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Çö´ë»çȸ ¼ÓÀÇ ¿ì¸®µé¿¡°Ô ±× ¾î¶² °ÍÀº ´õ ÀÌ»ó ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¾ó±¼ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸ðÁ¾ÀÇ ³¸¼³À½°ú ºÒ¾ÈÇÔÀ¸·Î ´Ù°¡¿Â´Ù. ½À°üÀÇ µÎ²¨¿î °¢ÁúÀ» ±úÆ®¸®´Â ±× ºÎÁ¤Àû µ¥ÀÚºß Ã¼ÇèÀº Çϸð´Ï ¾øÀÌ ´ÜÀÚÈ­ µÈ ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ¼Ò¿ÜµÈ »îÀ» µÇµ¹¾Æº¸µµ·Ï ¿äûÇÑ´Ù. ±× µÇµ¹¾Æº½ÀÇ ¾î·Á¿ò - ¾Æ¸¶µµ ±×°ÍÀÌ ½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ »çÁø ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ´À³¢°Ô µÇ´Â ¹æ¾îÀǽİú ºÒÆíÇÔÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ ´ÜÀÚÀû »çÁøÀÌ ÈÄ·¹ÀÓ ¹ÛÀÇ ¹«¾ùÀ» Áö½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¿ªÀ¸·Î ¸»ÇØÁÖ´Â °Í ¶ÇÇÑ ´Ù¸§¾Æ´Ñ ±× ¹æ¾îÀû ºÒÆíÇÔÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Finally, it is the code of informativeness and of things that can't be informatized. What Shin Hye-sun's pictures try to refer to are things that cannot be codified nor informatized with such codes as people and the nature, objectivityand expressionism, and familiarity and strangeness. These "things" have many names. Things unconscious(das Verdraengte), things out of place (das Atopische), things that cannot be identified (das Nichtidentische), things that are not codified (das Unkodierbare), things that are of others (das Andere)... What is clear is that the familiar energy, which was named by Liebniz as "fatal harmony" in his monade theory,is also a name of a thing. But to us in the modern society, this something is not a positive face anymore but unknown strangeness and insecurity. Such a negative experience of dj vu, which breaks the thick shell of habits, demands us to look back on marginalized lives of our time, which take the form of terminals without harmony. The difficulty of looking back may be the reason why we feel a sense of defense and discomfort in front of pictures by Shin Hye-sun. And it is also this defensive discomfort that tells us what Shin's monade-like photography actually refers to outside the picture frame.