Çö´ë»çȸ´Â ¸ð·¡»çȸ´Ù. »çȸ ±¸¼º¿øµéÀº ¸ð·¡Ã³·³ »Ô»ÔÀÌ Èð¾îÁ® Á¸ÀçÇϴµ¥ (·¯½Ã¾Æ¿öÀÇ ÁöÇÏö ȯ½Â¿ª dz°æÀ»
»ý°¢Ç϶ó. ±× ¸¹Àº À͸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µé. ±×µé »çÀÌ¿¡ ¹«½¼ ÁúÀûÀÎ °ü°è°¡ Á¸ÀçÇϴ°¡?) »çȸ ÀÚü´Â À¯±âÀû ±¸Á¶¹°Ã³·³ °ß°íÇÏ°í
Àß µ¹¾Æ°£´Ù. ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÒ±î? ºñÆÇÀû »çȸÇÐÀÚµéÀº ±×°Ç ´Ù¸§¾Æ´Ñ Çö´ë»çȸ¸¦ ¾Èº¸ÀÌ°Ô ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¿Ïº®ÇÑ
»çȸ°ü¸®½Ã½ºÅÛ ¶§¹®À̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ·± ¹®Á¦´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ÈıâÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇÀÇ ºñÆÇ»çȸÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ Ã³À½À¸·Î Á¦±âÇß´ø Áú¹®ÀÌ
¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¹Ì 17C¿¡ G. W. ¶óÀÌÇÁ´ÏÂê´Â °³Ã¼¿Í ¿ìÁÖÀÇ °ü°è¸¦ ¶È°°Àº ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î Áú¹® Çß¾ú´Ù. ¾Æ¹« »ó°ü¾øÀÌ Èð¾îÁø
°³Ã¼µéÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ¿ìÁÖ¶ó´Â À¯±âü¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÏ°í »ì¾ÆÀÖ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â°¡? ÀÌ Áú¹®¿¡ ´äÇϱâ À§Çؼ ¶óÀÌÇÁ´ÏÂê´Â ¡®¸ð³ªµå (Monade)¡¯¶ó´Â
°³³äÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³Â´Ù. ¸ð³ªµå´Â ¹ø¿ªÇÏ¸é ¡®´ÜÀÚ¡¯´Ù. ±×°Íµµ ¡®Ã¢¹® ¾ø´Â ´ÜÀÚ¡¯´Ù. Áï ±×°ÍÀº ¿ÜºÎ¿Í ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°Ô Â÷´ÜµÇ¾î
ÀÖ´Â µ¶ÀÚÀû Á¸ÀçµéÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ´ÜÀÚ¿Í ´ÜÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡´Â ¾Æ¹«·± ¿¬°ü°ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¸ð·¡Ã³·³ Èð¾îÁ® Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ´ÜÀÚµéÀÌ
ÇÔ²² Á¸ÀçÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿ìÁÖ´Â À¯±âüó·³ »ì¾Æ¼ µ¹¾Æ°£´Ù. Áï °³Ã¼µé »çÀÌ¿¡´Â °ü°è°¡ ¾øÁö¸¸ ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ ½Ã°ø°£ ¾È¿¡
°øÁ¸ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é ¸ðÁ¾ÀÇ °á¼Ó·ÂÀÌ ´ÜÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðÁ¾ÀÇ °á¼Ó·Â, µå·¯³ªÁö ¾ÊÀº ä ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´Â
Á¶ÈÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö, ±×°ÍÀ» ¶óÀÌÇÁ´ÏÂê´Â ½ÅÀÇ ¼·¸®, Á»´õ ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, ¡®¿î¸íÀû Çϸð´Ï (praestabilierte
Harmonie)'·Î ¼³¸íÇß´Ù.
The modern society is a society of sands.
Members of this society exist as sands scattered across the world.
(Picture a subway transit station during the rush hours. All those
anonymous people. What qualitative relationships could possibly
exist among them?) The society itself is as robust as an organic
structure and it functions well. How can this be possible? Critical
sociologists say that it is because of an invisible yet perfect
social management system that controls themodern society. However,
such an issue was not necessarily first raised by critical sociologists
of late capitalism. Already in the seventeenth century, G. W. Leibniz
raised a question about the relationship between entities and the
universe in the exact same fashion. How do entities dispersed from
each other with no association form an organism called the universe?
To answer this question, Leibniz introduced the concept of "Monade."
When translated into English, a monade simply means a terminal.
It is even a "terminal without windows" at that. In other
words, monadsare independent beings completely isolated from the
outside and thus, there is no association between them. However,
due to the very existence of these monades that are scattered like
sands, the universe comes to life like an organism and functions.
That is, even if there is no relation between entities, when they
exist in a single time and space, a sort of solidarity exists between
them. Leibniz explained this type of solidarity, or the invisible
energy of harmony at work, as the Providence of God, or more accurately,
"fatal harmony (praestabilierte Harmonie)."
»çÁøÀº, ƯÈ÷ ¿µÈ¿Í ºñ±³ÇÒ ¶§, º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ¸ð³ªµå´Ù. ¹°·Ð »çÁøÀº Çö½Ç¿¡¼ Å»ÃëÇÑ ÇÑ Æí¸°ÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ »çÁøÀÌ
µÈ Çö½ÇÀÇ Æí¸°Àº µÎ ¹ø ´Ù½Ã Çö½Ç·Î ÀçÁ¢¸ñµÉ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ±× µÇµ¹¸± ¼ö ¾ø´Â ´ÜÀý¼ºÀ» ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °Ô »çÁøÀÇ
ÇÁ·¹ÀÓÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹ÄÁ´ë ¿µÈÀÇ ÇÁ·¹ÀÓÀº À¯µ¿ÀûÀÌ´Ù. ¿µÈ ¶ÇÇÑ Çö½ÇÀÇ Æí¸°µéÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖÁö¸¸ ÇÑ Àå¸é¿¡¼ Àß·Á³ª°£ ºÎºÐÀº
´ÙÀ½ Àå¸é¿¡¼ ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ ¾ÈÀ¸·Î ´Ù½Ã µé¾î¿Â´Ù. °á±¹ ¿µÈ´Â, Ch. ¸ÞÃ÷°¡ ¸»Çϵí, ´Ù º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù (±×·¡¼ ¿µÈ´Â º»·¡ÀûÀ¸·Î
Æ÷¸£³ë±×¶óÇǶó°í F. Á¦ÀÓ½¼Àº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù). ÇÏÁö¸¸ »çÁøÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â ´Ù¸£´Ù. »çÁø¿¡¼ ÇÑ ¹ø ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ ¹ÛÀ¸·Î Àß·Á³ª°£ ºÎºÐÀº
µÎ ¹ø ´Ù½Ã ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ ¾ÈÀ¸·Î µé¾î¼³ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. »çÁø, ±×°ÍÀº ¿ÜºÎ°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â À̹ÌÁö´Ù. ¿À·ÎÁö ³»ºÎ¸¸ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â
â¹® ¾ø´Â ¸ð³ªµå À̹ÌÁöÀÌ´Ù. »çÁøÀÌ ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ ¹Û ¸ðÁ¾ÀÇ Çö½ÇÀ» Áö½ÃÇÑ´Ù¸é ´Ù¸§¾Æ´Ñ ÀÌ Ã¢¹® ¾ø´Â ¸ð³ªµåÀû ¼º°Ý ¶§¹®ÀÎ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Photographs are, in essence, monades, especially
when compared to films. Of course pictures are only fragments extracted
from the reality. However, these fragments of the reality in the
form of photographs can never be put back together to become a reality.
That irreversible severance is clearly represented in a picture's
frame. A movie's frames are, on the contrary, fluid. While films,
too, show fragments of the reality, what was cut out in one scene
comes back into the frame in the next scene. As Christian Metz put
it, films reveal everything. (That is why F. James said that movies
are fundamentally pornographies.) However, photographs are different.
Once something is cut out of the frame, it can never come back to
the picture. A picture is an image that knows no external world.
Only the inside exists in this monade image without windows. If
a picture indicates some kind of reality outside the frame, that
is because of the picture's nature as a monade without windows.
½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ »çÁø ¶ÇÇÑ ¸ð³ªµå´Ù. ½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ »çÁø ¶ÇÇÑ ±× ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ Áö½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ±× ¹«¾ùÀ̶õ ¹«¾ùÀϱî?
±×°ÍÀ» Àо±â À§Çؼ, ³» °æ¿ì, ³× °³ÀÇ Äڵ尡 ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ù ¹ø° ÄÚµå´Â ÁÖÁ¦¿Í ¹è°æÀÇ ÄÚµåÀÌ´Ù. ½ÅÇý¼±Àº Àι°À»
Âï´Â´Ù. ±× Àι°µéÀº ¸ðµÎ°¡ ÀÚ¿¬À» ¹è°æÀ¸·Î »ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. »çÁøÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦´Â Àι°ÀÌ°í ÀÚ¿¬Àº ºÎ¼öÀûÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ
°æ¿ì »çÁøÀÇ ¹«°ÔÁß½ÉÀº Àι°ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ¹è°æ ÂÊÀ¸·Î ¿Å°ÜÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. Àι°µé¿¡°Ô °íÀ¯ÇÑ Ç¥Á¤À» ¼ö¿©ÇØ ÁÖ´Â °Ç (½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ
Àι°µéÀº ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¹«Ç¥Á¤ÇÏ´Ù) Àι° ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±× Àι°µéÀÌ ¼Ò¼ÓµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ÀÚ¿¬Ç³°æµéÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹ÄÁ´ë ¸¸°³ÇÑ ²Éµé, ¹«¼ºÇÑ
ÀÙµé, ¾ûŲ ³ª¹µ°¡Áöµé, Çæ¹þÀº ¹ÙÀ§µé, µéÆÇ°ú Çϴðú »êµé... Àι°À» ²¸¾È°í ÀÖ´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ¹è°æÀÌ »èÁ¦µÈ´Ù¸é
½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ »çÁø ¼Ó¿¡¼ Àι°µéÀº ¾î¶² Á¸Àç°¨À» Áö´Ò ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀΰ¡?
Shin Hye-sun's photographs are also monades.
Her pictures also refer to something. What is this something? In
my case, I need four codes to read it. The first one is the code
of themes and backgrounds. Shin takes photographs of people. All
of the people use nature's scenery as background. Usually, the main
theme of the pictures is people while the nature plays only a supporting
part. However, the focus of Shin's pictures is centered on backgrounds
rather than people. What gives the people unique facial expressions
are not the people themselves but the nature to which the people
belong (people in her pictures are all woodenly expressionless).
If the nature as a background such as flowers in full bloom, leaves
in profusion, entangled tree branches, naked rocks, plains, the
sky, mountains, etc. that embraces the people is erased from Shin's
photographs, what sense of existence will the people in her photographs
have?
µÎ ¹ø° ÄÚµå´Â °´°ü¼º°ú Ç¥Çö¼ºÀÇ ÄÚµåÀÌ´Ù. ½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ ½Ã¼±Àº À§»ýÀûÀÌ´Ù. ±×³àÀÇ À§»ýÀû ½Ã¼±Àº ÀÛ°¡³ª ¿ÀºêÁ¦ ¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô
öÀúÇÏ´Ù. ½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ »çÁø ¼Ó¿¡¼ ÀÛ°¡ÀÇ ¼Á¤Àû °¨Á¤À̳ª ÁÖ°üÀû Àǵµ´Â ³²±è¾øÀÌ Áõ¹ßµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ÀºêÁ¦ÀÎ Àι°µé°ú dz°æµµ
¸¶Âù°¡Áö´Ù. Àι°µéÀº ¸ðµÎ ¹«Ç¥Á¤ÇÏ°í ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ °ø°£ Á¤Áß¾Ó¿¡ ÇÑ±×·ç ³ª¹«µéó·³ Á÷¸³ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹è°æÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬Ç³°æµéµµ ¹ö·ÁÁø
°Íó·³ °ÅÄ¥°í Åõ¹ÚÇÏ´Ù. °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ »çÁø ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ ¾È¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °Ç À½¿µÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢¸¸À¸·Î Á¦½ÃµÇ´Â »ç½Ç¼º ±× ÀÚü
»ÓÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±× ¾öÁ¤ÇÑ °´°üÀû ½Ã¼±À» ÅëÇؼ ½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ »çÁøÀº ¿ª¼³ÀûÀ¸·Î Ç¥Çö¼ºÀ» ȹµæÇÑ´Ù. ±× Ç¥Çö¼ºÀº (ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ
¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ Äڵ带 ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù) ÀÛ°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó º¸´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô¼ ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â, ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é ¹«ÀǵµÀû Ç¥Çö¼ºÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸¦
¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
The second code is the one of objectivity
and expressionism. Shin's gaze is sanitary. Her hygienic gaze is
strictly maintained for both the photographer and her objects. In
Shin Hye-sun's pictures, any trace of emotions or subjective intentions
is evaporated. That goes the same for people and sceneries, which
are objects. People are expressionless and stand upright at the
very center of the frame space like a tree. Natural sceneries in
the background are coarse and crude. In the end, what exists in
Shin's picture frame is the factuality itself suggested by the rule
of shading. However, through this strictly objective perspective,
Shin's photographs ironically obtains expressionism. This expressionism
(which gives rise to the need for another code later on) is a type
of unintentional expressionism, so to speak, that is generated by
viewers, not by the artist herself.
¼¼ ¹ø° ÄÚµå´Â Ä£¼÷ÇÔ°ú ³¸¼³À½ÀÇ ÄÚµåÀÌ´Ù. ½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ »çÁø ¼Ó¿¡¼ º¸´Â À̸¦ ³¸¼³°Ô ¸¸µå´Â ¿ä¼Ò´Â »ç½Ç ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ
¾ø´Ù. Àι°µéÀº ÁÖº¯ ¾îµð¼³ª ¸¸³ª´Â Æò¹üÇÑ ¾ó±¼ÀÌ°í dz°æµé ¿ª½Ã ´ëµµ½Ã ±Ù±³ µÞ»ê ¾îµð¼³ª ¸ñ°ÝÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÏ»óÀû
ÀÚ¿¬Ç³°æµéÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×·¯ÇÑ Ä£¼÷ÇÑ ´ë»óµéÀÌ ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ °ø°£ ¾È¿¡ Æ÷ȹµÊÀ¸·Î½á ½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ »çÁøÀº º¸´Â ÀÌ¿¡°Ô
À̹°°¨°ú ³¸¼³À½À» ºÒ·¯ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù. ¾î¾Áö ³¸¼± Ä£¼÷ÇÔ/ ¾î¾Áö Ä£¼÷ÇÑ ³¸¼³À½ - ±×·¯ÇÑ º¹ÇÕÀûÀÎ µ¥ÀÚºß °¨Á¤ÀÌ ¾ß±âÇÏ´Â
°æÇèÀû È¿°ú´Â ±×·¯³ª Æí¾ÈÇÔÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸ðÁ¾ÀÇ ºÒ¾ÈÇÔÀÌ´Ù (Ä£¼÷ÇÔÀÇ ¹Ýº¹¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ÀÌ ºÒ±æÇÑ ³¸¼³À½À» ÇÁ·ÎÀ̵å´Â
¡®¼¶¶àÇÔ (das Unheimliche)¡¯À̶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù). ÀÌ ºÒ¾ÈÇÔÀº ¹»±î? ±×°ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀ» Áö½ÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀϱî?
The third one is the code of familiarity and
strangeness. In Shin's photographs, there is actually no element
that makes the objects strange. The people have commonplace features
that can be found in anywhere and the scenes in these pictures are
also routine natural scenery witnessed in mountains that surround
large, metropolitan cities. However, because these familiarobjects
are repeatedly captured in the space of a frame, her pictures stir
foreignness and unfamiliarity in viewers. Somewhat strange familiarly
vs. somewhat familiar strangeness. The empirical effect caused by
such complex emotion of dj vu is not comfort and but a kind of insecurity.
(Freud called this ominous unfamiliarity generated by the repetition
of familiarity "revulsion (das Unheimliche).") What is
this sense of insecurity? What does it indicate?
¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ³²Àº ÄÚµå´Â Á¤º¸¼º°ú Á¤º¸È µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÇ ÄÚµåÀÌ´Ù. Àι°°ú ÀÚ¿¬, °´°ü¼º°ú Ç¥Çö¼º, Ä£¼÷ÇÔ°ú ³¸¼³À½ÀÇ
Á¤º¸ÀûÀÎ Äڵ带 ÅëÇؼ ½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ »çÁøÀÌ Áö½ÃÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °Ç ÄÚµåÈ µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Í, Á¤º¸È µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±× ¾î¶² °ÍÀº Ç×°£¿¡¼ ¿©·¯°¡Áö À̸§À¸·Î ȸÀڵȴÙ. ¹«ÀǽÄÀûÀÎ °Í (das Verdraengte), ºñÀå¼ÒÀûÀÎ °Í
(das Atopische), µ¿ÀÏÈ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â °Í (das Nichtidentische), Å»ÄÚµåÀûÀÎ °Í (das
Unkodierbare), ŸÀÚÀûÀÎ °Í (das Andere)... ºÐ¸íÇÑ °Ç ¶óÀÌÇÁ´ÏÂê°¡ ¸ð³ªµå·Ð¿¡¼ ¡®¿î¸íÀû Çϸð´Ï¡¯¶ó°í
À̸§ Áö¾ú´ø Ä£ÈÀû ¿¡³ÊÁö ¶ÇÇÑ ±× ¾î¶² °ÍÀÇ ÇÑ À̸§À̶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Çö´ë»çȸ ¼ÓÀÇ ¿ì¸®µé¿¡°Ô ±× ¾î¶² °ÍÀº
´õ ÀÌ»ó ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¾ó±¼ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸ðÁ¾ÀÇ ³¸¼³À½°ú ºÒ¾ÈÇÔÀ¸·Î ´Ù°¡¿Â´Ù. ½À°üÀÇ µÎ²¨¿î °¢ÁúÀ» ±úÆ®¸®´Â ±× ºÎÁ¤Àû µ¥ÀÚºß
üÇèÀº Çϸð´Ï ¾øÀÌ ´ÜÀÚÈ µÈ ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ¼Ò¿ÜµÈ »îÀ» µÇµ¹¾Æº¸µµ·Ï ¿äûÇÑ´Ù. ±× µÇµ¹¾Æº½ÀÇ ¾î·Á¿ò - ¾Æ¸¶µµ ±×°ÍÀÌ
½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ »çÁø ¾Õ¿¡¼ ´À³¢°Ô µÇ´Â ¹æ¾îÀǽİú ºÒÆíÇÔÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ½ÅÇý¼±ÀÇ ´ÜÀÚÀû »çÁøÀÌ ÈÄ·¹ÀÓ ¹ÛÀÇ ¹«¾ùÀ»
Áö½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¿ªÀ¸·Î ¸»ÇØÁÖ´Â °Í ¶ÇÇÑ ´Ù¸§¾Æ´Ñ ±× ¹æ¾îÀû ºÒÆíÇÔÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Finally, it is the code of informativeness
and of things that can't be informatized. What Shin Hye-sun's pictures
try to refer to are things that cannot be codified nor informatized
with such codes as people and the nature, objectivityand expressionism,
and familiarity and strangeness. These "things" have many
names. Things unconscious(das Verdraengte), things out of place
(das Atopische), things that cannot be identified (das Nichtidentische),
things that are not codified (das Unkodierbare), things that are
of others (das Andere)... What is clear is that the familiar energy,
which was named by Liebniz as "fatal harmony" in his monade
theory,is also a name of a thing. But to us in the modern society,
this something is not a positive face anymore but unknown strangeness
and insecurity. Such a negative experience of dj vu, which breaks
the thick shell of habits, demands us to look back on marginalized
lives of our time, which take the form of terminals without harmony.
The difficulty of looking back may be the reason why we feel a sense
of defense and discomfort in front of pictures by Shin Hye-sun.
And it is also this defensive discomfort that tells us what Shin's
monade-like photography actually refers to outside the picture frame.
|